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BASIC HTML CH # 1

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


Glossary

This glossary tries to put definitions to words that are commonly used in the software industry. It will be updated as new articles are added and will contain only words that are included on How to Program.
CSS - Cascading Style Sheet
CSS is used to define the presentation of a document. Presentation includes colors, background images, layout and positioning. CSS is said to cascade because of its additive nature when being applied to documents such as HTML.
Document Type Declaration (DOCTYPE)
Not technically part of HTML, but is used by users (mostly browsers), to determine the type of document it is reading and where the authoritative reference document for this version is. This is used to make sure that the document is following all of the rules so that web browsers can display it properly.
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTML is a markup language which means that special symbols are used within the documents to represent the structure. HTML defines the structure of a document such as it's title, headings, paragraphs and relationship to other documents. HTML is a type of data description language.
International Standards Organization (ISO)
The ISO is responsible for publishing standard ways of doing things, everything from building a house to programming a computer. When something is standardized and everyone follows these standards then it is possible for very dissimilar things to communicate and understand each other. This is the reason that the ISO exists and is a big part of the computer industry at all levels.
JavaScript
JavaScript is a programming language in the classical sense as it contains directives to do "something". This "something" is normally likened to a verb in english, and the actions normally affect some type of data.
SGML - Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGML is a language that was developed to share different documents and still be readable by computers and humans for several decades at a time. Both HTML and XML are based on SGML, and serve similar functionality.
Universal Resource Indicator (URI)
The URI is simply some type of address that points to "something" in cyberspace. This "something" could be a web page, ftp directory or even another computer.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Extensible Markup Language was created after HTML but has gained wide spread acceptance quite quickly. XML was based off the same parent language as HTML but was given far stricter rules so that XML documents are easier to both read and parse by humans and machines alike. The extensible part of XML comes in the form of being able to add new features to a document with very little effort.

Tuesday, May 10, 2011
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BASIC HTML CH # 2

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


THESE ARE CODES OF DIFFERENT COLOURS

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BASIC HTML CH # 3

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BASIC HTML CH # 4

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY



With HTML you can create your own Web site.
This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML.
HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.

Examples in Each Chapter

This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.
With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

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BASIC HTML CH # 5

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


Example

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>


What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.
  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
  • A markup language is a set of markup tags
  • HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
  • HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
  • Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

  • HTML documents describe web pages
  • HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
  • HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

  • The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
  • The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
  • The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
  • The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

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BASIC HTML CH # 6

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


What You Need

You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
  • You don't need an HTML editor
  • You don't need a web server
  • You don't need a web site

Editing HTML

HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.

Create Your Own Test Web

If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")

After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.

Use Your Test Web For Learning

We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

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BASIC HTML CH # 7

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>


HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

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BASIC HTML CH # 8

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag *Element contentEnd tag *
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<a href="default.htm" >This is a link</a>
<br />  
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

  • An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
  • An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
  • The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
  • Some HTML elements have empty content
  • Empty elements are closed in the start tag
  • Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendslowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

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BASIC HTML CH # 8

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag *Element contentEnd tag *
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<a href="default.htm" >This is a link</a>
<br />  
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

  • An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
  • An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
  • The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
  • Some HTML elements have empty content
  • Empty elements are closed in the start tag
  • Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendslowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

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BASIC HTML CH # 9

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

  • HTML elements can have attributes
  • Attributes provide additional information about an element
  • Attributes are always specified in the start tag
  • Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>


Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Remark Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:

Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:
AttributeValueDescription
classclassnameSpecifies a classname for an element
ididSpecifies a unique id for an element
stylestyle_definitionSpecifies an inline style for an element
titletooltip_text Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)
For more information about standard attributes:

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BASIC HTML CH # 9

Posted by ENJOY NEW TECHNOLOGY


Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

  • HTML elements can have attributes
  • Attributes provide additional information about an element
  • Attributes are always specified in the start tag
  • Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>


Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Remark Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:

Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:
AttributeValueDescription
classclassnameSpecifies a classname for an element
ididSpecifies a unique id for an element
stylestyle_definitionSpecifies an inline style for an element
titletooltip_text Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)
For more information about standard attributes:

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